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Chat on bare metal: where it stands

A status report written before a context compaction, 2026-09-17, with a little reflection at the end. Earlier notes in this thread: angry-gopher without Linux (the plan) and how chat talks (the HTTP/SSE design).

The one-paragraph version

gopher-metal now serves angry-gopher's chat — login, conversations, docs, reactions, admin, and live streams — on a QEMU machine with no operating system, and every answer is judged byte for byte against the same source running on Linux. Since the last compaction it stopped crashing, learned the date and how much memory it has, got a real allocator, stopped letting a silent client hold the site, got 2.5 times faster on the disk, learned to hold many connections, and learned to keep a browser tab's three live streams. Nothing from this work is deployed. What is left before a real browser should touch it is the send side of TCP, whole-request readiness (and with it uploads), and an unexplained slowdown that real hardware should be able to explain.

Scope, as Steve set it today

What was built, in order

what how it is judged
1 The stack is 16 MB and measured — it was 64 KB, 250× less than Linux gives the same code, and /chat/recent triple-faulted. The region is painted; the deepest chat page uses 85 KB. the member story; a guard that stops the machine
2 . and .. are not directory entries, and names are long names, not 8.3 aliases the member story
3 Single-threaded, enforced by a compile error the build
4 Files have dates (chat's "recent activity" is made of them) the Linux VFAT driver reads them within a second
5 The kernel owns the RAM; std's allocator runs on it — through zig's own root.os.heap.page_allocator hook, on memory read from the PVH map QEMU's -m; std's four allocator conformance suites; 18,000 allocations with a flat peak
6 Every wait is a measured duration, with read_timeout_ms on the volume two boots, two settings, the answer moves
7 The soak — thousands of requests, every write read back, the Linux driver checks the volume at the end runs in minutes
8 Storage, 2.5× faster: the FAT in memory, files read and written a run at a time, and chat numbers messages from a count sidecar instead of re-reading the transcript byte-identical cached/uncached volumes; a read sweep across every sector and cluster edge; Linux reads the run-written files
9 Many connections, one request at a time — a table of 64; a connection is served only once its request head has arrived 8 clients at once; a silent client holds nobody up
10 Streams are described by the app and kept by the host — the SSE design, option C Linux unchanged (leak stress clean with streams held open)
11 The machine keeps live streams — a table drained every loop turn, pinged when quiet, ended when the client leaves a tab's three streams with cross-user events and pings, on both hosts
12 Stream lifecycle — a stream budget (oldest ended to make room), resets noticed, nothing kept per stream budget of two with three streams; 5 and 25 streams churned, same final heap

Every row has mutants that fail its gate — around forty today — and the gates themselves have 70-odd tests of their own.

The numbers

What is not done

  1. The send side of TCP. Frames and responses go out without looking at the peer's window, nothing is retransmitted, and a client that vanishes without a FIN or reset is never noticed. The emulator's generous buffering hides all three.
  2. Whole-request readiness. "Ready" means the head has arrived; it should mean the whole request, with Expect: 100-continue answered. That is also where uploads live: a request heap that can grow, streaming the body to disk on both hosts rather than holding up to 101 MiB in memory, and eventually FAT32 (FAT16 tops out near 2 GB; each user's quota is 1 GiB).
  3. The slowdown. Real hardware would separate our code from the emulator. Steve is ready to rent a bare-metal box once file I/O and SSE have closure.
  4. Being watched. A health route answered by the host, and QEMU's watchdog device petted by the main loop.
  5. Deploying anything. Prod still runs angry-gopher b7a19333. Waiting for Steve: the portable lint, mem_meter's explicit allocator, auth drawing its own salt (this one touches password hashing), roots.zig, the count sidecar, the stream seam (which changes the SSE wire from chunked to connection-delimited), and two small cleanups.
  6. Open decisions: how many tabs to size the connection table for, and whether the old Safari TypeScript tooling gets a sweep. The answer to the second is "delete it when you see it; keep the .ts files".

A little reflection

The judge is the spine. Every step above was a claim with a check that could fail, and the checks found more than the code review did. A writer that zeroed the tail of an overwrite passed every test until a probe wrote from a sector boundary. A read-splitting loop could never run at all. A host that pinged on every turn delivered its ping — 15,339 of them in 28 seconds — and passed the first version of the ping check. And the stream-churn gate found a single byte: the kernel kept its own config file's text forever, and requests = 28 is one byte longer than requests = 8.

Measuring first kept changing the answer. The bump allocator I set out to replace was not leaking at all: the application frees in an order it can take back. The FAT cache I said would flatten the slowdown did not; the curve was the transcript being re-read on every send, and after that, device latency. KVM was going to give real numbers and gave the same ones. Each time, the measurement was cheaper than the wrong fix would have been.

The seams keep being the same seam. zig's page_allocator hook let std's allocator run unchanged on the machine's pages. The per-request Bus handle let the application hand a stream to whichever host it is running on. In both cases the application stayed one source and the host supplied the part that is about the machine. Steve corrected me on what that principle means: I argued that a state-machine design would break "one source, two hosts", and it doesn't — one source never meant an unchanged application.

Steve's steering made the kernel smaller. Chat only; state machines in one loop; complete requests only. Each of those removed something from the list of things a kernel must do.

My own misses today, briefly: I committed an angry-gopher change after running its tests but not the gate that would have caught a lint failure; I built kernels while a soak was running and had to throw its timings away; several of my mutants didn't compile until rewritten; and I overclaimed what the FAT cache would do before measuring it.